FAA

• The main FAA page
  • Aviation Handbooks & Manuals
  • Aircraft Handbooks & Manuals
  • Pilot Practical Test Standards
  • Air Traffic Plans and Publications: Including AIM, Pilot/Controller Glossary, Contractions, Flight Service
  • Regulatory and Guidance Library: Including FARs, ADs, STCs, etc.
• FAA also publishes a bi-monthly newsletter now called FAA Safety Briefing (Formerly FAA Aviation News.)
• FAA Safety Team: The group behind the Wings Program. A great source for various recurrent and refresher training material. They have an interesting library of training/safety related materials.

NASA

• The part of particular interest to pilots is the Aviation Safety Reporting System.
• NASA ASRS also publishes a monthly newsletter Callback.

AOPA

• The main AOPA page.
• Air Safety Foundation: Source of good recurrent and refresher training material. Earn credits towards FAA Wings Program. ASF online courses can be found here. ASF safety publications can be found here.

Other Aviation Organizations and Events

• Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA): The folks behind Airventure Osh Kosh and the EAA Young Eagles Program. If you ever thought you might build your own plane, these are the people to go to.
• Sun-n-Fun: One of the three big aviation events along with Airventure Osh Kosh and the AOPA convention.
• National Association of Flight Instructors (NAFI).
• Society of Aviation and Flight Educators (SAFE).
• Ninety Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots.
• Mid Atlantic Pilots Association: Based nearby at Morristown (KMMU).
• NJ Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum (NJAHOF): Repository of NJ aviation history, and PFC’s monthly meeting site.
• Aero-space Museums (Wikipedia list)

International Flying

• If you are interested in international flying, consult the International Flight Information Manual and AOPA’s International Flying Page.
• All important Customs and Border Protection eAPIS. AOPA has nice eAPIS training material.
• You will also need a Customs User Fee Decal.
• Also, don’t forget FCC Restricted Radio Operator’s License (pilot), FCC Radio Station License (plane). You can apply for both online through the FCC Universal Licensing System.

Public Benefit Flying

• Air Care Alliance
• Angel Flight East
• Angel Flight Northeast
• Civil Air Patrol
• EAA Young Eagles
• Pilots-n-Paws

Weather and Flight Planning

• Aviation Weather (NOAA) and METAR/TAF abbreviation codes.
• NACO Terminal Procedures Publications (“approach plates”) and AF/D for free download.
• AFSS Pilot Portal (Lockheed Martin)
• DUATS (CSC) and DUAT (DUAT)
• FAA TFR Map
• RAIM Prediction Website
• AOPA Flight Planner
• AirNav: Airport information
• SkyVector: Aeronautical Charts
• Runway Finder: Aeronautical Charts
• NavMonster: Aviation weather
  

Manuals and Training

• E6B Flight Computer: ASA has the manual here. And Gleim has a nice tutorial here. And a series of tutorial videos on YouTube.
• GPS & WAAS: General GPS primer from the FAA. General WAAS primer from the FAA. Garmin GNS 530/430 training program from FAAST. Garmin GNS 530/430W Simulator and WAAS training video from Garmin.